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Archive for the ‘Fish/Fisheries’ Category

Seaweed farming as means of livelihood

June 13th, 2010

arnx

By China Mantilla Tura

Seaweed or “guso” farming is an alternative livelihood option initiated by the Coastal Environment Project of the DENR in Mahanay and Banacon Islands. It is introduced in these sites because it has been proven in other areas to be a profitable small business enterprise which many coastal inhabitants can start even with a small capital.

Aside from the cash income, there are other benefits for the family as well as the community this livelihood offers. The activity will discourage or minimize the illegal and destructive fishing activities in the village such as the use of dynamite and cyanide. These illegal fishing practices can also destroy or damage the seaweed farms, hence, the seaweed farmers will exert pressure on the illegal fishers.

Banacon and Mahanay Islands are really potential sites for seaweed farming. In terms of biophysical and environmental features of the planting site, these two islands have suited the necessary factors required for the selection of seaweed farm such as salinity, water temperature, water depth, water current, pH value and bottom condition.

All of the seaweed farmers claimed that seaweed farming is their main source of earning cash income. Fishing, hired labor and financial support from their children working as domestic helpers and construction workers outside the island become their secondary source.

Methods of production (more…)

Posted in Aquaculture, Fish/Fisheries, Guides (How to's)

Tags: Coastal Environment, Denr, Domestic Helpers, Environment Project, Environmental Features, Farm Tools, Harsh Environmental Conditions, Harvests, Mantilla, Necessary Factors, Ph Value, Plastic Straw, Seaweed, Secondary Source, Small Business Enterprise, Temperature Water, Tools And Materials, Two Islands, Water Depth, Water Temperature

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Pompano can now be raised commercially

May 26th, 2010

arnx

By Henrylito D. Tacio

ONE fish that is gaining popularity among Filipino consumers these days is pompano. You can buy it live, chilled, or frozen.

Like the very popular bangus, pompano can be cultured in marine cages.

Although it is less expensive to raise bangus, there is less competition in pompano as only fish growers raise them. In addition, the price of pompano is usually more than double than that of the bangus.

However, pompano growers are facing one problem: fingerlings are not readily available at all times. Partly, that dilemma is now solved with the establishment of Finfish Hatcheries Inc. (FHI), touted to be the “technical experts in aquaculture.”

Based in Sarangani province in Southern Mindanao, FHI does not only supply more than 50 percent of the country’s national requirement of bangus fry but also pompano, lapu-lapu, seabass, and mangrove snapper. The first and largest commercial fry hatchery in the Philippines, it partners with the Bureau of Fishery and Aquatic Resources (Bfar) and Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center (Seafdec) in developing the country’s aquaculture industry. (more…)

Posted in Agri-Business, Aquaculture, Fish/Fisheries

Tags: Aquaculture Industry, Aquatic Resources, Bfar, Fhi, Finfish, Fingerlings, Fisheries Development Center, Forked Tail, Harvests, Hatcheries, Hatchery Technology, Lapu Lapu, Lead Times, Mackerel, Marine Fishes, National Marketing Manager, Seabass, Seafdec, Southern Mindanao, Technical Experts

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Green Mussel (Tahong) Culture

January 11th, 2010

arnx

The green bay mussel or tahong (Perna viridis) is a popular and delicious food item. It is rich in vitamins, minerals, protein and carbohydrates.

Green mussels were originally regarded as pests before World War II because they competed with food and space in oyster farms. In 1950, it was recognized as a primary bivalve food. The first mussel commercial farm started in Bacoor, Cavite, in 1955.

How to culture Green Mussel or Tahong

Site selection

Mussels are known to exist in bays, coves and inlets. They are found in Manila bay, east coast of Panay, Negros Occidental southwest coast and in Maqueda Bay and Jiabong, Samar. (more…)

Posted in Aquaculture, Fish/Fisheries

Tags: Commercial Species, Green Mussel, Green Mussels, Manila Bay, Milky White, Moderate Currents, Modiolus, Negros Occidental, Oyster Farms, Panay, Perna Viridis, Release Eggs, Salty Waters, Sandy Bottoms, Southwest Coast, Sperms, Tahong, Tidal Exchange, Vitamins Minerals, World War Ii

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Oyster (Talaba) Culture

January 9th, 2010

arnx

tal

Oyster culture in the Philippines began at Hinigaran, Negros Occidental, in 1921. Oyster or talaba is a popular bivalve delicacy because of its excellent flavor and taste. It is mostly marketed in the shell as freshly-shucked meat. Some salted oyster or bagoong are made during peak harvest season. It is rich in vitamins, minerals, proteins and carbohydrates. The shells are mostly used as raw materials for the manufacture of lime and poultry grit. The shells also serve as spat collectors for culturing.

Mariculture of oysters have been expanding to other areas in the past years. There are about 5 sq km used for oyster culture ranging from 1,500 m-5,000 sq m in about 1,300 farms. Oyster farms are located in 17 provinces comprising Regions I, IV and VI. Major producers are Negros Occidental, Pangasinan and Cavite (Oyster, Commodities Series, No. 64, TLRC 1988). There are little or no available records of oyster preparation exports and data on consumption. Oysters are mostly consumed near production areas.

Site selection

Oysters thrive best in brackish to marine waters with salinity ranging from 15-26 ppt at 20-30ºC water temperature. Viable oyster farming grounds have indigenous species of spawners that are present. The water should be free from pollution with green to blue-green color. The area should be free from flooding that may result to 0-10 ppt salinity; this causes heavy mortality and heavy siltation. Water depth should be at least 1.5-4.0 m at the lowest tide.
(more…)

Posted in Aquaculture, Fish/Fisheries

Tags: Available Records, Bagoong, Harvest Season, Hinigaran Negros Occidental, Indigenous Species, Mariculture, Marine Waters, Muddy Areas, Oyster Culture, Oyster Farming, Oyster Farms, Pangasinan, Production Areas, Salted Oyster, Spats, Spawners, Talaba, talaba farm, Tlrc, Vitamins Minerals, Wave Action, Wind And Wave

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Mud Crab (Alimango) Raising

December 17th, 2009

arnx

Ang alimango o mudcrab ay itinuturing na isang mahalagang pagkain mula sa dagat . Mainam pagkakitaan ito dahil masarap ang lasa kaya mataas ang halaga sa merkado.

Ang buntis na alimango o gravid o pregnant na maraming itlog at aligue ay iniluluwas sa ibang bansa tulad sa Hapon, Tsina, Honkong, at Taiwan. Naniniwala ang mga intsik na ang alimango ay may dalang katangiang gamot na makakabuti sa mga nagkakaedad at mga nagpapagaling sa sakit.

Uri ng Alimango

Hindi lahat ng nag-aalaga ng alimango ay alam kung alin ang pinakamagandang uri dahil sa biglang tingin, halos magkapareho ang anyo. Lingid sa ating kaalaman ang may pinakamataas na uri at pinakamahal ang presyo ay ang uring Scylla o mas kilala sa tawag na higanteng alimango o “king of crabs”. Ito ay may apat na uri: Scylla serrata, Scylla olivacea, Scylla traquebarica, at Scylla paramamosain.

Ang Scylla serrata ang pinakapaboritong alagaan ng mga magsasaka, madali itong palakihin at patabain. Mas mabilis lumaki ang uring ito. Ang iba ay tumitimbang ng 1 kg. pagkaraan ng 6 na buwan. Kapag palagian o regular na pinapakain, maayos itong nabubuhay sa dagat-dagatan of pond. Bihira itong naghuhukay sa putik o burrow kung kaya walang napipinsalang dike.

Ang maliit na alimango o crab seeds ay hinuhuli ng mga mangingisda sa tabing dagat at sa iba pang tirahan ng alimago, at ipinagbibili sa mga fishpond operators.

Ang alimango ay pinalalaki sa tubig na pinaghalong tabang at alat o brackish water. Maaring pagsabayin ang pag-aalaga ng alimango at bangus, subalit hindi ang alimango at sugpo dahil kinakain ng alimango ang sugpo kapag nagsimula nang magluno ang huli. Kailangan lagging may mapagkukunan ng semilya o crab crab seeds sa lugar na pagtatayuan ng crab farm.

Pag-aalaga at Pagpapataba ng Alimango

A. Unang Paraan

1. Pumili ng lugar na may sapat na brackish water, 10-20 part per thousand [ppt] ng kaalatan.

2. Tiyakin ang uri ng lupa ay maputik mabuhangin o sandy nived at hindi malagkit.

3. Magsala-sala ng kawayan, dalawang metro ang taas parang banig. Ito ang ibakod sa dagat-dagatan. Itusok sa lupa ang kawayan, dalawang pulgada ang lalim ng pagkatusok para sa maayos na pagkatirik nito. Mula sa bukana ng dike, lagyan ng banatan o bamboo screen ang pangunahing dike upang hindi makawala ang alimango.

4. Patubigan ang dagat-dagatan, na may 50-70 metro ang lalim. Kailangan may maayos na daluyan ng tubig para mapanatiling malinis ang tubig.

5. Ilagay ang 2-3 piraso ng katang o batang alimango na may timbang na 10-15 gramo bawat isa. Sa bawat isa. Sa bawat ektarya kinakailangang maglagay ng 2,000-5,000 semilya o crab seeds.

6. (a) Hindi malaking suliranin ang pagkain sa mga semilya dahil kumakain ito ng lumot na tumtubo sa palaisdaan.

(b) Pakainin ang lumalaking alimango ng maliit na isda, tinatawag na transhfishes, 5-8% ang dami batay sa timbang ng alimango. Timbangin ang alimango kada 20 araw upang malaman ang tamang dami nang ipapakain.

7. Anihin ang alimango pagkaraan ng 90-120 araw.

B. Pangalawang Paraan

1. Alagaan ang alimango sa lugar na ang tubig ay may sapat na alat, 10-20 ppt salinity.

2. Gumawa ng bamboo cages, mga hawlang yari sa kawayan isang talampakan ang taas at isang talampakan din ang luwang.

3. Sa bawa’t hawla, lagyan ng alimangong may timbang na 150-200 gramo. Ilagay ito sa fishpond at alagaan ang mga alimango sa loob ng 15 araw.

4. Dalawang beses na pakainin ng 10-20 gramong “trashfishes” sa isang arw (isa sa umaga at isa sa hapon). Dagdagan kung kinakailangan.

5. Pagkalipas ng 15 araw, mapupuna na ang balat nito sa likodo carapace ay 12-15 sentimetro na ang lapad. Ang bawat alimango ay tumitimbangng mga 250-300 gramo. Ito ay palatandaan na ang mga alimango ay maari nang anihin at ipagbili.

Pag-aani

1. Handa nang ipagbili ang mga alimango kapag ang isa o dalawang piraso ay tumitimbang ng isang kilo.

2. Ang alimango ay hinuhuli sa pamamgitan ng bintol (traps), panukot (hooks), sakag (scissor net) at pante (gill net).

3. Ang mga alimango ay ipinagbibili ng buhay at puwedeng manatiling buhay kahit wala sa tubig ng pitong araw. Kailangan lamang na panatilihin sa mahalumigmig na lagayan at palaging basain ang alimango.

4. Talian ang mga alimango ng tuyong dahon ng sasa magkabilang sipit malapit sa tiyan.

Source: 1. SEADEC Asian Aquaculture, Vol. XXI No. 4 Aug. 1999;2. Pag-aalaga ng Alimango, RFU IV; 3. Crab Farming, PNB Pangkabuhayan ng Bayan; 4.http://www.da.gov.ph; photo from www.goingrank.com

Posted in Agri-Business, Aquaculture, Fish/Fisheries